Morality Of Science Essays - Frankenstein, English-language Films

Morality Of Science There are two parallel stories in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, "one of attempting to discover the secret of life and the other of forcing nature to open her secrets to man (Neal)." This novel can be looked by combining those two stories into a theme of the scientist who seeks to play God and what happens to him in his quest to create life from death. When looking at the book in this regard, "the reader discovers the dangers inherent in defying the natural order, (Neal)" and the potential consequences of scientific discovery. Victor Frankenstein, fascinated with scientific exploration in the physical world, embarked upon an experiment that forever changed his life and that of his family and friends. During his studies away from home, Victor foolishly decides that he will play God. "I will pioneer anew way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation (Shelly p. 47)." "What lies behind Frankenstein's scientific projects is obviously an attempt to gain power (Damyanov)." Victor devotes himself to his task of creating life from death for a period of two years without once considering the implications of the result of his experiment. "Thoughtless Victor built in no safety controls, no device to assure that only good actions would be performed (Neal)." "Shelley warns us of the dangerous division between the power-seeking practices of science and the concerns of humanists with moral responsibility, emotional communion, and spiritual values (Damyanov)." Victor invested so much selfish care and time into his creation and never thought of the implications of his success. As if almost seeing into the future, Shelly gives us a "warning to consider the final effects of scientific exploration and experiment (Neal)." Neglecting all moral implications of his creation, Victor completes his work. Victor never imagined that his success would create horror instead of joy and immortality. "It was a dreary night in November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils (Shelley p. 56)." "How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form (Shelley p. 56)?" Even when Victor came to the realization that his success in creating his being had become an abhorrence, he took no responsibility in trying to remedy his actions or take care of the creature. "Victor emulated God's actions when he created the being (Neal)." He had hoped "a new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me (Shelly p. 52)." Unfortunately for Victor, the exact opposite resulted. Victor was responsible to his creation as a father is to a child, but only tried to escape the creature's wretchedness. The creature has been left to his own devices to either become part of society, or to live alone in hiding, suffering, and pain. Victor awoke the day after witnessing his creature come to life in a horrifying form and in finding the creature had disappeared, basically goes on with his life. Frankenstein does not take on the moral responsibility of remedying his disastrous creation until years later when it returned to him. Years after the creatures "birth," he has learned to speak and write, and sets out in search of Frankenstein; his creator, his father. He has discovered that no man will treat him with any dignity or compassion or love and desires to find this from his creator. After realizing that he cannot recover these feelings from Frankenstein, the creature requests that Victor create another being; a female form of himself, a true companion. When confronted by the creature, Victor seems to realize for the first time the moral implications of what he has done. "Wretched devil! You reproach me with your creation; con, then, that I may extinguish the spark which I so negligently bestowed (Shelley p. 96)." The creature, also realizing how wrong Frankenstein had been in his attempt to become God, exclaims to him, "How dare you sport thus with life? (Shelley p.96)?" Victor eventually agrees to create a female companion for his creature. While working on her creation, Victor becomes more acquainted with the moral implications of his work and destroys the new companion. "Might he not conceive a greater abhorrence for it when it came before his eyes in the female form? (Shelly p. 160)" When the creature discovers what Frankenstein has done he swears vengeance and hatred to his creator and his family. Frankenstein, who has become a terrible mess of an individual by

Womens Studies Sex in Society essays

Womens Studies Sex in Society essays Sex plays a major role in today's society. From television advertisements and violence within society, all forms of media use sex to help sell their products. With the public being exposed to so many different types, the overuse and exploitation of sex is common. Is sex a useful tool, or a ploy to get the attention of the public? In some instances, it even encourages violence. The world we live in today is still man-made, no less now then in the nineteenth century. As Englishmen began to develop an identity in 19th century society, they mirrored the "ideals" for women of the Victorian period: gentility, weakness, ignorance and submissiveness. Opposing Viewpoints as the relationship of a man or woman to Society on the basis of gender became essential in shaping male and female attitudes towards one another. Over the past twenty years remarkable changes in these traditional male and female roles have been witnessed. The subsequent impact on men, women, and families due to these changes is believed to be, by many social historians, caused by the re-emergence of the women's movement. Recent research has established beyond a doubt that males and females are born with a different set of "instructions" built into their genetic code. Studies at Harvard University and elsewhere show that marked differences between male and female baby behavior are already obvious in the first months of life. Females are more oriented towards people. Male infants, on the other hand, are more interested in "things." Stanford psychologists conclude that women are "communicative" animals while men are "manipulative" animals. Some people believe this is hereditary, while others think that if boys and girls were brought up in exactly the same way then all behavioral differences between men and women would evaporate. Beginning in early adolescence, children develop their own ideas of male and femal ...

Presidents Who Were Masons

Presidents Who Were Masons There are at least 14 presidents who were Masons, or Freemasons, according to the secretive fraternal organization and presidential historians. The list of presidents who were Masons includes the likes of George Washington and Theodore Roosevelt to Harry S. Truman and Gerald Ford. Truman was one of two presidents- the other was Andrew Jackson- to achieve the rank of grandmaster, the highest ranking position in a Masonic lodge jurisdiction. Washington, meantime, earned the highest possible position, that of master, and has a Masonic memorial named after him in Alexandria, Virginia, whose mission is to highlight the contributions of Freemasons to the nation. American presidents were among many of the nations most powerful men who were members of the Freemasons. Joining the organization was seen as a rite of passage, even a civic duty, in the 1700s. It also got some presidents into trouble. Here is a complete list of presidents who were Masons, drawn from the organizations own records as well as the historians who chronicled its importance in American life. George Washington Washington, the nations first president, became a Mason in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1752. He has been quoted as saying, The object of Freemasonry is to promote the happiness of the human race. James Monroe Monroe, the nations fifth president, was initiated as a Freemason in 1775 before he was even 18 years old. He eventually became a member of the Masons lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia. Andrew Jackson Jackson, the nations seventh president, was considered a devout Mason who defended the lodge from critics. Andrew Jackson was loved by the Craft. He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Tennessee and presided with masterly ability. He died as a Mason should die. He met the great Masonic foe and fell calmly beneath his silent blows, it was said of Jackson at the installation of a monument on his behalf in Memphis, Tennessee. James K. Polk Polk, the 11th president, began as a Mason in 1820 and achieved the rank of junior warden in his jurisdiction in Columbia, Tennessee, and earned the royal arch degree. In 1847, he helped in a Masonic ritual of laying a cornerstone at the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., according to William L. Boyden. Boyden was a historian who wrote Masonic Presidents, Vice Presidents, and signers of the Declaration of Independence. James Buchanan Buchanan, our 15th president and only commander-in-chief to be a bachelor in the White House, joined the Masons in 1817 and achieved the rank of district deputy grand master in his home state of Pennsylvania. Andrew Johnson Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, was a loyal Mason. According to Boyden, At the cornerstone laying of the Baltimore Temple some one suggested that a chair be brought to the reviewing platform for him. Brother Johnson refused it, saying: We all meet on the level. James A. Garfield Garfield, the nations 20th president, was made a Mason in 1861in Columbus, Ohio. William McKinley McKinley, the nations 25th president, was made a Mason in 1865 in Winchester, Virginia. Todd E. Creason, founder of the Midnight Freemasons blog, wrote this about the understated McKinley: He was trusted. He listened much more than he spoke. He was willing to admit when he was wrong. But McKinley’s greatest character trait was his honesty and integrity. He twice turned down the nomination for President because he felt each time that the Republican Party had violated its own rules in nominating him. He squashed the nomination both times-something a politician today would probably view as an unthinkable act. William McKinley is a very good example of what a true and upright Mason should be. Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 26th president, was made a Freemason in New York in 1901. He was known for his virtue and refusal to use his status as a Mason for political gain. Wrote Roosevelt: If you are a mason you will of course understand that it is expressly forbidden in masonry to attempt to use the order in any way for anyone’s political advantage, and it must not be done. I should emphatically object to any effort so to use it. William Howard Taft Taft, the 27th president, was made a Mason in 1909, just before becoming president. He was made a Mason at sight by the grand master of Ohio, meaning he did not have to earn his acceptance into the lodge like most others do. Warren G. Harding Harding, the 29th president, first sought acceptance into the Masonic brotherhood in 1901 but was initially blackballed. He was eventually accepted and held no grudges, wrote John R. Tester of Vermont. While president, Harding took every opportunity to speak for Masonry and attend Lodge meetings when he could, he wrote. Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 32nd president, was a 32nd Degree Mason. Harry S. Truman Truman, the 33rd president, was grand master and 33rd degree Mason. Gerald R. Ford Ford, the 38th president, is the most recent to have been a Mason. He began with the fraternity in 1949. No president since Ford has been a Freemason.

Understanding of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding of Art - Research Paper Example As she reaches her conclusion, the author reaches out to the audience and her fellow scholars to respect many of the forms of expression that exist. It does not necessarily mean that whatever people do when they need to express themselves is to be termed as art. Also, this does not signify that it is obligated to fit into the contemporary form of West-European art. This is the problem that faces many individuals around the world. If a method of expression is not accepted among the common, expected, and well-known type, it is not hard to hear the term ‘primitive art’ being thrown in the mix. The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experi ence can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art. Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. ... The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experience can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art (Dean 27). Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. This may give them an avenue to find out why som e of the things that people do, do not mean they are focusing on another thing. The term art has been used to describe products of different cultures. However, to them, it was just a way of expressing how they felt, and does not necessarily fall under the art category. By claiming anything that has had human contact, for example, being touched, produced, or moved as simply art, is not doing justice to all that was put into the original purpose of the object (Dean 29). The author’s sources range from interviews to Art journals. All these present the author with a channel to inform anyone that may be interested in different cultural backgrounds. The cultures present have developed different understanding of

Internet Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Internet Marketing - Essay Example The article will lay emphasis on transactional e-commerce sites on which subscribers use to embed their products as a marketing strategy. In addition, the article will analyze various models on which web hosts make earning from sellers and other subscribers. Marketing is an organizational function that involves the process of creating, communicating, and delivering utility to consumers. In addition, it entails the function of managing customer relationships in ways that is of benefit to the organization. (Reid & Bojanic,1996, p.8). This means that Marketing is defined as the process of communication that occurs between sellers or institutions and customers about the value of some product or service with purpose of selling this product or service. A long of the years the marketing methods has changed and improved and actually Internet Marketing and Electronic Marketing are ones of the methods more used by sellers to interact with their customers or potential customers. Internet Marketing involves the strategies used by a company to market its product or service online and this marketing strategies include search engine optimization and search engine submission, customers’ needs and wants, copywriting that encourages site visitors to buy these products, website design strategies, online promotions/ offers, reciprocal linking that allows customers contact sellers, and email marketing to attract customers for a specific business. Internet marketing allows a business without be influenced by the time, is not necessary worry about store opening hours or employees overtimes payments and became more comfortable for customers because they can access your products at any time and place orders when it is convenient for them. Marketing products on the Internet also costs less than marketing them in a physical retail outlet or store, where usually involves costs of property rental and maintenance and bring

Thomas Edison :: essays research papers fc

Edison was born in the village of Milan, Ohio, on Feb. 11, 1847, and his family later moved to Port Huron, Mich. In his early life as a kid he played jokes on people and got into trouble. One time he set his father's barn on fire because he wanted to see what fire look like when it burned. His schooling was three months long because he quit when too many people made fun of him. At the age of seven his mother taught him, and he loved to read books. The book Schoool of Natural Philosophy sparked his likeing for science and, soon after he set up his first lab. At age 12 his father could no longer buy supplies for his lab so he became a train-boy, selling magazines and food on the Grand Trunk Railroad. He spent all he earned on books and supplies for his laboratory.At this time he stoped sleeping and only took cat-naps so he could work on experiments at night in the bagage car. An accident at this time led to a loss of hearing about 50%. Two things which contributed to loss of his hearing was a conductor pulling on his ear and, a conductor clapping his ears for setting the bagage car on fire it was only an accident. Soon after he left this job. A station agent taught him telegraph code and procedures, and at age 15, Edison became manager of a telegraph office. His first inventions were the transmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph. At 21, Edison made improvements on the stock ticker for printing stock-exchange quotations. With the $40,000 he was paid for the improvements in tickers, he established real laboratory in Newark, N.J. Deciding to give up manufacturing, he moved the laboratory to Menlo Park, N.J., where he was in charge of groups of employees working on various projects. In 1878, Edison started work on an electric lamp and looked for things that could be electrically heated to incandescence in a vacuum. At first he used platinum wire in glass bulbs at 10 volts.He realized, however, that independent lamp control would be necessary for home and office use. He then developed a three-wire system with a supply of 220 volts. Each lamp operated at 110 volts, but the higher voltage required a new substance other than that of platinum. Edison conducted an extensive search for another filament material, on Oct.

Capitalism and United States Essay

There are many aspects of FDR’s New Deal that must be analyzed in order to determine if this collection of economic programs helped or hurt America’s effort in ending the Great Depression. The Great Depression caused both a decline in national moral and economic productivity unprecedented in United States history. The previously prestigious capitalistic economy was brought to its knees on Black Thursday in October of 1929. Roosevelt had taken office with the intent to quickly relieve a nation from Hoover’s â€Å"do-nothing approach† within his first 100 days as president. He knew he had to act fast in order to fulfill the demands of the people that could be, in part, credited because of their investments in the stock market with unstable funds. There was a rebellion in full swing. As recorded in A People’s History of the United States, â€Å"Desperate people were not waiting for the government to help them; they were helping themselves.†After the stock market crashed, the flaws in the capitalist system were more predominantly brought to surface. The system had been given a bad name among a growing socialist nation in times of desperation. To a socialist critic, the system could be depicted as unsound by nature; neglecting human needs in the pursuit of large corporate benefits. The New Deal was set in place to save capitalism from itself. In order to do this Roosevelt felt that passing a number of social programs would keep the market economy from, once again, self destructing. Through his efforts, Roosevelt had consequently formed class warfare. The faces of business leaders had become the faces of bloodthirsty, evil men which appealed largely to an American public looking for someone, something, or anything to blame for the pain they were going through. Finding that happy-medium between relieving the economic crisis of the American people and not giving the public something they could view as a government fall-back was something that the country had never had to deal with before on this large of a scale. Throughout Roosevelt’s implementation of his social programs concerns surfaced from conservative Americans. Roosevelt did not want welfare to be seen as â€Å"a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit.† FDR’s New Deal, under a growingly socialist system, in ways got the country back on its feet and may have been the fix that America was looking for at the time. At the same time; however, it could have been the spark to the gradual lazy, entitled attitude that we experience today in the United States.